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Savannah College of Art and Design How Many Credits Are Each Class

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City in Georgia, U.s.

Savannah, Georgia

City
City of Savannah

Downtown Savannah viewed from Bay Street

River Street

Forsyth Park

Congregation Mickve Israel

Savannah Historic District

Clockwise from meridian: Downtown Savannah viewed from Bay Street, Forsyth Park, celebrated Gingerbread House in Savannah's Victorian Historic District, Congregation Mickve Israel, and River Street

Flag of Savannah, Georgia

Flag

Official seal of Savannah, Georgia

Seal
Nickname(s):

"The Hostess City of the South"
Location within Chatham County

Location within Chatham County

Savannah, Georgia is located in Georgia

Savannah, Georgia

Savannah, Georgia

Location within Georgia

Show map of Georgia

Savannah, Georgia is located in the United States

Savannah, Georgia

Savannah, Georgia

Location within the contiguous United States

Evidence map of the United states

Coordinates: 32°04′52″Northward 81°05′28″W  /  32.08111°Northward 81.09111°Due west  / 32.08111; -81.09111 Coordinates: 32°04′52″N 81°05′28″W  /  32.08111°N 81.09111°W  / 32.08111; -81.09111
Country U.s.a.
State Georgia
Canton Chatham
Established February 12, 1733; 289 years ago  (1733-02-12)
Founded by James Oglethorpe
Regime
 • Mayor Van R. Johnson (D)
 • City Manager Joseph Melder
Area

[1]

 • Urban center 113.27 sq mi (293.36 km2)
 • Land 108.50 sq mi (281.01 km2)
 • Water iv.77 sq mi (12.35 km2)
Acme 49 ft (15 k)
Population

(2020)
 • City 147,780
 • Rank 185th in the United States
fifth in Georgia
 • Density 1,362.03/sq mi (525.88/km2)
 • Metro

[ii]

404,798 (135th)
Demonym(s) Savannahian
Fourth dimension zone UTC−5 (EST)
 • Summer (DST) UTC−4 (EDT)
Goose egg Codes

31401–31499
Expanse code(s) 912
FIPS code 13-69000[3]
GNIS feature ID 0322590[4]
Website www.savannahga.gov

Savannah ( sə-VAN-ə) is the oldest city in the U.S. state of Georgia and is the canton seat of Chatham County. Established in 1733 on the Savannah River, the metropolis of Savannah became the British colonial capital of the Province of Georgia and after the first state capital of Georgia.[5] A strategic port city in the American Revolution and during the American Civil War,[half dozen] Savannah is today an industrial center and an important Atlantic seaport. It is Georgia'due south fifth-largest city, with a 2020 U.S. Census population of 147,780.[seven] The Savannah metropolitan area, Georgia's third-largest, had a 2020 population of 404,798.[2]

Each yr Savannah attracts millions of visitors to its cobblestone streets, parks, and notable historic buildings. These buildings include the birthplace of Juliette Gordon Low (founder of the Girl Scouts of the USA), the Georgia Historical Society (the oldest continually operating historical society in the South), the Telfair Academy of Arts and Sciences (i of the South's first public museums), the Start African Baptist Church (ane of the oldest African-American Baptist congregations in the United States), Temple Mickve Israel (the third-oldest synagogue in the U.S.), and the Central of Georgia Railway roundhouse complex (the oldest standing antebellum track facility in the U.S.).[v] [8]

Savannah'due south downtown area, which includes the Savannah Historic District, its 22 parklike squares, and the Savannah Victorian Historic District, is one of the largest National Celebrated Landmark Districts in the United states (designated past the U.S. government in 1966).[five] Downtown Savannah largely retains the original town programme prescribed past founder James Oglethorpe (a design now known as the Oglethorpe Plan).

Savannah was the host metropolis for the sailing competitions during the 1996 Summertime Olympics held in Atlanta.

History [edit]

On February 12, 1733,[9] General James Oglethorpe and settlers from the ship Anne landed at Yamacraw Bluff and were greeted by Tomochichi, the Yamacraws, and Indian traders John and Mary Musgrove. Mary Musgrove often served as an interpreter. The city of Savannah was founded on that date, along with the colony of Georgia. In 1751, Savannah and the residuum of Georgia became a Purple Colony and Savannah was made the colonial capital of Georgia.[x]

By the outbreak of the American Revolutionary State of war, Savannah had get the southernmost commercial port in the Thirteen Colonies. British troops took the city in 1778, and the following year a combined strength of American and French soldiers, including Haitians, failed to rout the British at the Siege of Savannah. The British did not leave the metropolis until July 1782.[11] In December 1804 the land legislature alleged Milledgeville the new capital of Georgia.

Savannah, a prosperous seaport throughout the nineteenth century, was the Confederacy's 6th most populous urban center and the prime objective of General William T. Sherman's March to the Sea. Early on December 21, 1864, local government negotiated a peaceful surrender to save Savannah from devastation, and Union troops marched into the urban center at dawn.[12]

Savannah was named for the Savannah River, which probably derives from variant names for the Shawnee, a Native American people who migrated to the river in the 1680s. The Shawnee destroyed another Native people, the Westo, and occupied their lands at the head of the Savannah River's navigation on the fall line, almost present-day Augusta.[thirteen] These Shawnee, whose Native proper name was Ša·wano·ki (literally, "southerners"),[14] were known by several local variants, including Shawano, Savano, Savana and Savannah.[fifteen] Some other theory is that the name Savannah refers to the extensive marshlands surrounding the river for miles inland, and is derived from the English language term "savanna," a kind of tropical grassland, which was borrowed by the English from Spanish sabana and used in the Southern Colonies. (The Spanish discussion comes from the Taino word zabana.)[16] Even so other theories suggest that the proper name Savannah originates from Algonquian terms meaning not simply "southerners" just perhaps "table salt."[17] [eighteen]

Geography [edit]

Savannah lies on the Savannah River, approximately 20 mi (32 km) upriver from the Atlantic Body of water.[19] Co-ordinate to the United States Census Bureau (2011), the city has a total expanse of 108.7 square miles (281.five kmtwo), of which 103.1 foursquare miles (267.0 km2) is land and five.6 square miles (fifteen km2) is h2o (5.xv%). Savannah is the master port on the Savannah River and the largest port in the state of Georgia. It is also located near the U.South. Intracoastal Waterway. Georgia's Ogeechee River flows toward the Atlantic Body of water some 16 miles (26 km) south of downtown Savannah, and forms the southern city limit.

Savannah is decumbent to flooding, due to abundant rainfall, an meridian at just above bounding main level, and the shape of the coastline, which poses a greater surge risk during hurricanes. The city currently uses five canals. In addition, several pumping stations accept been built to assist reduce the effects of flash flooding.[20]

Climate [edit]

Savannah's climate is classified as humid subtropical (Köppen Cfa). In the Deep South, this is characterized by long and well-nigh tropical summers and brusk, mild winters. Savannah records few days of freezing temperatures each year (and has rare snowfall). Due to its proximity to the Atlantic coast, Savannah rarely experiences temperatures as farthermost as those in Georgia's interior. Nevertheless, the extreme temperatures accept officially ranged from 105 °F (41 °C), on July 20, 1986 and July 12, 1879, down to iii °F (−sixteen °C) during the January 1985 Arctic outbreak.[21] [22]

Seasonally, Savannah tends to have hot and humid summers with frequent (merely brief) thunderstorms that develop in the warm and tropical air masses, which are common. Although summers in Savannah are oftentimes sunny, half of Savannah's annual precipitation falls during the months of June through September. Average dewpoints in summer range from 67.8 to 71.half-dozen °F (20 to 22 °C). Winters in Savannah are mild and sunny with boilerplate daily high temperatures shut to 60 °F (16 °C). November and December are the driest months recorded at Savannah–Hilton Head International Aerodrome. Each twelvemonth, Savannah reports 24 days on average with depression temperatures below freezing, though in some years fewer than ten nights will fall below freezing. Although decades might pass between snowfall events, Savannah has experienced snow on rare occasions, virtually notably in Dec 1989, when up to 3.ix inches (9.ix cm) was recorded in one day in parts of the city.[21] [23]

Savannah is at hazard for hurricanes, peculiarly of the Cape verde type of storms that take place during the peak of the season. Because of its location in the Georgia Bight (the arc of the Atlantic coastline in Georgia and northern Florida) likewise equally the trend for hurricanes to re-curve up the declension, Savannah has a lower risk of hurricanes than another coastal cities such every bit Charleston, Southward Carolina. Savannah was seldom afflicted by hurricanes during the 20th century, with one exception of being hit by Hurricane David in 1979.[24] However, the historical record shows that the metropolis was frequently affected during the 2nd half of the 19th century. The most prominent of these storms was the 1893 Sea Islands hurricane, which killed at least ii,000 people. (This estimate may be depression, equally deaths among the many impoverished rural African Americans living on Georgia'due south barrier islands may not have been reported.)

Savannah was near recently afflicted by an agile 2016 hurricane season, including Hurricane Matthew (which made a partial eyewall landfall),[25] and was brushed by Hurricane Irma in 2017.[26] [27] [28]

Climate data for Savannah, Georgia (Savannah/Hilton Head Int'l), 1991–2020 normals,[a] extremes 1871–present[b]
Calendar month Jan February Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct November December Twelvemonth
Record loftier °F (°C) 84
(29) 		87
(31) 		94
(34) 		95
(35) 		102
(39) 		104
(xl) 		105
(41) 		104
(40) 		102
(39) 		97
(36) 		89
(32) 		83
(28) 		105
(41)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 78
(26) 		81
(27) 		85
(29) 		89
(32) 		94
(34) 		97
(36) 		99
(37) 		98
(37) 		94
(34) 		89
(32) 		83
(28) 		78
(26) 		100
(38)
Boilerplate high °F (°C) 61.4
(xvi.3) 		65.1
(18.iv) 		71.iv
(21.9) 		78.2
(25.7) 		84.7
(29.three) 		89.6
(32.0) 		92.3
(33.5) 		90.8
(32.7) 		86.4
(thirty.2) 		79.0
(26.ane) 		seventy.2
(21.2) 		63.seven
(17.6) 		77.7
(25.four)
Daily mean °F (°C) fifty.7
(ten.4) 		54.0
(12.2) 		sixty.0
(15.6) 		66.7
(xix.3) 		74.ane
(23.4) 		80.i
(26.7) 		83.0
(28.3) 		82.1
(27.8) 		77.seven
(25.4) 		68.8
(twenty.4) 		59.1
(xv.1) 		53.2
(11.eight) 		67.5
(19.7)
Average low °F (°C) forty.0
(4.four) 		42.9
(6.1) 		48.vi
(9.2) 		55.2
(12.9) 		63.4
(17.4) 		70.7
(21.5) 		73.7
(23.2) 		73.3
(22.9) 		69.0
(20.6) 		58.6
(14.viii) 		48.0
(8.nine) 		42.half dozen
(5.9) 		57.2
(xiv.0)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 23
(−5) 		27
(−3) 		31
(−1) 		39
(iv) 		50
(10) 		63
(17) 		69
(21) 		67
(xix) 		57
(14) 		42
(six) 		31
(−1) 		27
(−3) 		22
(−half dozen)
Tape depression °F (°C) iii
(−16) 		8
(−13) 		twenty
(−7) 		28
(−2) 		39
(iv) 		49
(9) 		61
(xvi) 		57
(14) 		43
(6) 		28
(−2) 		fifteen
(−9) 		9
(−13) 		iii
(−sixteen)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 3.28
(83) 		2.80
(71) 		3.l
(89) 		iii.39
(86) 		iii.62
(92) 		6.65
(169) 		5.75
(146) 		5.46
(139) 		4.35
(110) 		iii.72
(94) 		2.39
(61) 		3.21
(82) 		48.12
(ane,222)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 8.5 7.8 seven.9 6.7 7.3 12.3 12.4 12.8 9.ix 6.viii 6.eight 8.4 107.6
Average relative humidity (%) 69.6 67.0 66.8 65.4 lxx.1 73.vi 76.0 78.6 77.7 72.9 72.3 70.8 71.7
Average dew point °F (°C) 37.0
(2.8) 		38.8
(three.viii) 		45.seven
(7.6) 		51.6
(10.9) 		60.8
(sixteen.0) 		67.8
(nineteen.9) 		71.2
(21.8) 		71.half-dozen
(22.0) 		67.five
(xix.7) 		56.5
(13.6) 		48.0
(8.9) 		40.5
(4.7) 		54.8
(12.6)
Mean monthly sunshine hours 175.5 181.0 232.0 275.6 288.9 276.0 271.iii 245.eight 214.3 228.half dozen 193.5 174.2 2,756.seven
Percent possible sunshine 55 59 62 71 67 65 62 60 58 65 61 56 62
Source: NOAA (relative humidity, dew betoken and sun 1961–1990)[21] [29] [30]

The showtime meteorological observations in Savannah probably occurred at Oglethorpe Barracks circa 1827, continuing intermittently until 1850 and resuming in 1866. The Signal Service began observations in 1874, and the National Weather Service has kept records of most data continually since then; since 1948, Savannah-Hilton Head International Aerodrome has served every bit Savannah'due south official meteorological station. Almanac records (dating back to 1950) from the airport'due south weather condition station are bachelor on the web.[31]

Urban [edit]

Panorama of the River Street district at night

Neighborhoods [edit]

A map showing the existing City of Savannah neighborhoods.

Map of Savannah neighborhoods

Savannah is a city of diverse neighborhoods. More than 100 singled-out neighborhoods can be identified in six principal areas of the urban center: Downtown (Landmark Historic District and Victorian District), Midtown, Southside, Eastside, Westside, and Southwest/West Chatham (recently annexed suburban neighborhoods).

Historic districts [edit]

Besides the Savannah Celebrated District, one of the nation's largest, 5 other historic districts have been formally demarcated:[32]

  • Savannah Victorian Historic District
  • Cuyler–Brownsville District
  • Thomas Square Historic District
  • Pin Betoken Historic District
  • Ardsley Park–Chatham Crescent Historic District

Demographics [edit]

Historical population
Census Popular. %±
1800 five,146 —
1810 5,215 1.3%
1820 7,523 44.three%
1830 7,303 −2.ix%
1840 11,214 53.six%
1850 15,312 36.5%
1860 22,292 45.6%
1870 28,235 26.7%
1880 30,709 eight.8%
1890 43,189 twoscore.half-dozen%
1900 54,244 25.6%
1910 65,064 19.9%
1920 83,252 28.0%
1930 85,024 2.ane%
1940 95,996 12.9%
1950 119,638 24.half-dozen%
1960 149,245 24.7%
1970 118,349 −twenty.7%
1980 141,654 19.7%
1990 137,560 −2.9%
2000 131,510 −4.4%
2010 136,286 3.6%
2020 147,780 8.four%
U.S. Decennial Census[33]

According to the U.Due south. Demography Bureau, Savannah's official 2020 population was 147,780, up from the official 2010 count of 136,286 residents.[34] The Demography Bureau's official 2020 population of the Savannah metropolitan surface area—defined by the Census Bureau every bit Bryan, Chatham, and Effingham counties—was 404,798, up 16.45% from the 2010 Demography population of 347,611.[35] Savannah is as well the largest principal city of the Savannah–Hinesville–Statesboro–Jesup Combined Statistical Area, a larger trading area that includes the Savannah and Hinesville Metropolitan Statistical Areas likewise as the Statesboro and Jesup Micropolitan Statistical Areas. The official 2020 population of this surface area was 597,465, upward from 525,844 at the 2010 Census.[36]

Racial distribution map of Savannah and Chatham County (source: 2010 U.Southward. Demography). Each dot represents 25 residents: White , Black , Asian , Hispanic or other (yellowish).

2020 census [edit]

Savannah racial composition[37]
Race Num. Perc.
White (non-Hispanic) 54,082 36.6%
Black or African American (non-Hispanic) 71,845 48.62%
Native American 311 0.21%
Asian 5,610 three.8%
Pacific Islander 238 0.sixteen%
Other/Mixed 5,905 4.0%
Hispanic or Latino ix,789 6.62%

As of the 2020 United states of america census, there were 147,780 people, 53,371 households, and 29,496 families residing in the city.

2010 census [edit]

In the official 2010 demography of Savannah, there were 136,286 people, 52,615 households, and 31,390 families residing in the city.[38] The population density was one,759.5 people per foursquare mile (679.4/kmii). There were 57,437 housing units at an average density of 768.5 per foursquare mile (296.7/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 55.04% Black, 38.03% White, 2.00% Asian, 0.03% Native American, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.93% from other races, and ii.01% from 2 or more races. Hispanic or Latino of whatever race were 4.07% of the population. Non-Hispanic Whites were 32.half-dozen% of the population in 2010,[38] compared to 46.ii% in 1990.[39]

There were 51,375 households, out of which 28.5% had children nether the age of 18 living with them, 35.two% were married couples living together, 21.7% had a female householder with no married man present, and 38.9% were non-families. 31.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family unit size was 3.xiii.

In the urban center, the age distribution was equally follows: 25.6% were under the historic period of 18, 13.ii% from 18 to 24, 28.v% from 25 to 44, 19.5% from 45 to 64, and 13.three% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, at that place were 89.3 males. For every 100 females age eighteen and over, there were 84.6 males.

The median income for a household in the urban center was $29,038, and the median income for a family was $36,410. Males had a median income of $28,545 versus $22,309 for females. The per capita income for the metropolis was $16,921. About 17.7% of families and 21.viii% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31.iv% of those under age 18 and 15.one% of those age 65 or over.

Regime [edit]

With its distinctive dome in tissue-paper-thin, 23-karat aureate leafage, Savannah'southward City Hall (1906), which stands on Bay Street at the head of Bull Street, is the beginning building constructed for exclusive use past the municipal government.

Map of official Savannah Aldermanic Districts

Savannah adopted a council-manager course of government in 1954. The city quango consists of the mayor and eight aldermen, half dozen of whom are elected from ane of six aldermanic districts, with each commune electing i member. The other two members and the mayor are elected at-large.

The council levies taxes, enacts ordinances, adopts the almanac budget, and appoints the City Managing director.[40] The City Manager enacts the policies and programs established by council, recommends an annual upkeep and work programs, appoints bureau and department heads, and exercises general supervision and control over all employees of the city.[40]

Police and fire departments [edit]

In 2003 Savannah and Chatham County voted to merge their city and county law departments. The Savannah-Chatham Metropolitan Police Section was established on Jan one, 2005, after the Savannah Police Department and Chatham County Police Section merged.

In February 2018, the city and county governments ended the police force section merger. This reestablished both the Savannah Law Department and the Chatham Canton Police Department, and they at present operate as two separate agencies.[41] The departments take a number of specialty units, including K-9, SWAT, Bomb Squad, Marine Patrol, Swoop, Air Support and Mounted Patrol. The ix-ane-1 Communications Acceleration Eye handles all 9-1-i calls for service within the canton and city, including fire and EMS. The Savannah Fire Department serves the City of Savannah, and at that place are divide municipal firefighting organizations elsewhere in Chatham Canton.

Land representation [edit]

Lester Jackson (D) and Ben Watson (R) represent the Savannah surface area in the Georgia State Senate.[42] [43] Derek Mallow (D), Ron Stephens (R), Mickey Stephens (D) and Jesse Petrea (R) represent the area in the Georgia House of Representatives.[44]

Prisons [edit]

The Georgia Department of Corrections operates the Coastal State Prison in Savannah.[45] [46]

Economy [edit]

Agriculture was essential to Savannah's economy during its first 2 centuries. Silk and indigo production, both in need in England, were early export commodities. By 1767, near a ton of silk per year was exported to England.[47]

Georgia's mild climate offered perfect conditions for growing cotton fiber, which became the ascendant article after the American Revolution. Its production under the plantation system and shipment through the Port of Savannah helped the city'southward European immigrants to accomplish wealth and prosperity.[48]

In the nineteenth century, the Port of Savannah became ane of the most agile in the United States, and Savannahians had the opportunity to consume some of the world's finest appurtenances, imported by strange merchants. Savannah'southward port has always been a mainstay of the city's economy. In the early years of the U.s., goods produced in the New World had to pass through Atlantic ports such as Savannah'southward before they could be shipped to England.[48]

Savannah'south first hotel, City Hotel, was completed in 1821. It too housed the city'south first United States Post Role co-operative.[49]

Between 1912 and 1968, the Savannah Machine & Foundry Company was a shipbuilder in Savannah.[fifty]

The Port of Savannah, manufacturing, the military, and tourism take get Savannah'southward four major economic drivers in the twenty-first century. In 2006, the Savannah Area Convention & Visitors Bureau reported over 6.85 million tourists to the city during the year. By 2011, the Bureau reported that the number of tourists the city attracted increased to 12.1 1000000. Lodging, dining, entertainment, and tourist-related transportation account for over $ii billion in tourist spending per year and utilize over 17,000.

For years, Savannah was the dwelling house of Union Camp, which housed the world'south largest paper mill. The plant is at present owned by International Newspaper, and it remains one of Savannah'due south largest employers. Savannah is also domicile to the Gulfstream Aerospace company, maker of private jets, as well every bit diverse other large industrial interests. TitleMax is headquartered in Savannah. Morris Multimedia, a newspaper and television set company, is also based in Savannah.

In 2000, JCB, the third-largest producer of construction equipment in the world and the leading manufacturer of backhoes and telescopic handlers, built its North American headquarters in Chatham County nigh Savannah in Pooler on I-95 near Savannah-Hilton Head International Airport.

Between 2009 and 2017, Savannah was North America'due south fourth-largest port for shipping container traffic.[51] [52] In 2019, the port continues to see record growth with a reported iv.5 million, 20-pes equivalent container units being moved in the financial year.[53]

Arts and culture [edit]

Beyond its architectural significance equally existence the nation's largest, historically restored urban area, the city of Savannah has a rich and growing performing arts scene, offering cultural events throughout the yr.

Books and literature [edit]

  • The Savannah Volume Festival – an almanac volume off-white held on Presidents' Day weekend in the vicinity of historic Telfair and Wright squares, includes gratuitous presentations by more 35 contemporary authors. Special events with featured writers are offered at nominal cost throughout the year.[54]
  • Flannery O'Connor Childhood Home[55] – a museum house dedicated to the work and life of the acclaimed fiction writer Flannery O'Connor, who was born in Savannah and lived in the city until the historic period of xv.[56] In addition to its museum, the house offers literary programming, including the annual Ursrey Lecture honoring American fiction writers.[57]
  • Other notable authors with ties to Savannah include Conrad Aiken and James Alan McPherson. The songwriter Johnny Mercer was a native Savannahian.[58] [59] [60] [61]

Trip the light fantastic toe [edit]

  • Savannah Ballet Theatre – established in 1998 as a nonprofit organization, it has grown to become the city'due south largest dance company.[62]

Music [edit]

  • The Coastal Jazz Association – presents a variety of jazz performances throughout the year in addition to hosting the annual Savannah Jazz Festival.[63]
  • Savannah Children's Choir – non-profit, auditioned choir for children in 2d through 8th grades that performs throughout the community and in annual holiday and spring concerts.[64]
  • Savannah Concert Association – presents a multifariousness of guest artists for chamber music performances each season. Performances are generally held in the Lucas Theatre for the Arts.[65]
  • Savannah Music Festival – an annual music festival of various artists which is Georgia's largest musical arts festival and is nationally recognized as one of the best music festivals in the world.
  • The Savannah Orchestra – Savannah's professional orchestra, which presents an almanac season of classical and popular concert performances.[66]
  • The Savannah Philharmonic – professional orchestral and choral organisation presenting yr circular concerts (classical, pops, pedagogy).[67]
  • The Savannah Winds – amateur concert band hosted past the music department of Georgia Southern University.[68]
  • The Armstrong Youth Orchestra – Savannah's professional orchestra for elementary, middle schoolhouse, high school and some higher students.[69]
  • Annual Haitian Flag Day  – an almanac festival of diverse artists, music, and diverse festivities.

Theater and performance [edit]

  • The American Traditions Vocal Competition – an annual vocal competition that desires to foster and preserve traditions of musical expression pregnant in the civilization of the United states in the past and present. The Competition includes the Johnny Mercer Award.[seventy]
  • Savannah Children's Theatre – a nonprofit, year-round drama theater company geared toward offering elementary through high school students (and adults) opportunities for participation in dramatic and musical productions.[71]
  • Savannah Community Theatre – a total theater flavour with a diverse programming schedule, featuring some of Savannah'south finest actors in an intimate, three-quarter-round space.[72]
  • Little Theatre of Savannah – founded in 1950, The Little Theatre of Savannah, Inc., is a nonprofit, volunteer-based community system dedicated to the celebration of the theater arts. Recognizing the unique social value, expressive fulfillment and opportunity for personal growth that theater provides its participants, the Little Theatre of Savannah invites all members of the community to participate both on- and off-phase.[73]
  • The Savannah Theatre – Savannah's but fully professional resident theater, producing music revues with live singers, dancers and the most rockin' ring in town. Performances happen year-circular, with several different titles and a holiday show.[74]
  • The Savannah Repertory Theatre – part of the cultural fabric of Savannah since 2016 and the city'south merely nonprofit professional person theater.
  • Lucas Theatre for the Arts – founded in December 1921, the Lucas Theatre is 1 of several theaters endemic by the Savannah College of Fine art and Design. It hosts the annual Savannah Film Festival.
  • Trustees Theater – once known as the Weis Theater, which opened February 14, 1946, this theater reopened equally the Trustees Theater on May 9, 1998, and hosts a diverseness of performances and concerts sponsored by the Savannah College of Art and Pattern. SCAD also owns the building.
  • Odd Lot Improv – founded in 2010, a family-friendly improv comedy troupe performing weekly shows on Mondays and Fridays.[75]
  • House of Gunt – alternative drag commonage founded in 2013 with monthly shows at Club 1 on top of other performances effectually the city throughout the year.[76]

Visual and community arts [edit]

  • Art Rise Savannah, Inc. – a local community nonprofit devoted to increasing access to the arts and improving opportunities for artists in the city.[77]

Points of interest [edit]

Typical houses in the Savannah Historic District; these are located near the Cathedral of St. John the Baptist.

Savannah's architecture, history, and reputation for Southern charm and hospitality are internationally known. The city's quondam promotional proper noun was "Hostess Urban center of the South," a phrase yet used past the city government.[78] [79] An before nickname was "the Forest City", in reference to the large population of alive oak trees that flourish in the Savannah area. These copse were particularly valuable in shipbuilding during the 19th century.[lxxx] In 2019, Savannah attracted 14.8 million visitors from across the country and around the world.[81] Savannah'due south downtown surface area is i of the largest National Historic Landmark Districts in the United States.[ten]

The city's location offers visitors access to the coastal islands and the Savannah Riverfront, both pop tourist destinations. Tybee Island, formerly known as "Savannah Beach", is the site of the Tybee Island Calorie-free Station, the first lighthouse on the southern Atlantic coast. Other picturesque towns next to Savannah include the shrimping hamlet of Thunderbolt and three residential areas that began as summer resort communities for Savannahians: Beaulieu, Vernonburg, and the Isle of Hope.

The Savannah International Trade & Convention Center is located on Hutchinson Island, across from downtown Savannah and surrounded by the Savannah River. The Belles Ferry connects the island with the mainland, as does the Eugene Talmadge Memorial Span.

The Georgia Historical Society, an independent educational and inquiry institution, has a research center in Savannah. The inquiry center's library and athenaeum agree the oldest collection of materials related to Georgia history.

The Savannah Civic Heart on Montgomery Street is host to more ix hundred events each year.

Savannah has consistently been named one of "America'southward Favorite Cities" by Travel + Leisure. In 2012, the magazine rated Savannah highest in "Quality of Life and Visitor Feel."[82] Savannah was besides ranked first for "Public Parks and Outdoor Access," visiting in the Fall, and as a romantic escape.[83] Savannah was also named as America's second-best city for "Cool Buildings and Architecture," backside only Chicago.[84]

The mile-long Jones Street has been described equally i of the near charming streets in America.[85] [86]

Squares [edit]

Savannah is noted for its 22 squares, small parks arranged forth five celebrated streets running northward to south. Each street has from three to five squares. The squares vary in size and character, from the formal fountain and monuments of the largest, Johnson, to the playgrounds of the smallest, Crawford. Elbert, Ellis, and Liberty Squares are classified as the three "lost squares," destroyed in the course of urban development during the 1950s. Elbert and Liberty Squares were paved over to brand way for a realignment of U.Southward. highway 17, while Ellis Square was demolished to build the City Market parking garage. The metropolis restored Ellis Square after razing the parking garage. The garage has been rebuilt equally an surreptitious facility, the Whitaker Street Parking Garage, and it opened in January 2009. The restored Ellis Square opened in March 2010.[87] [88] [89] Separate efforts are now under way to revive Elbert and Liberty Squares.

Franklin Square is the site of Savannah's Haitian Monument, which commemorates the heroic efforts of the Chasseurs-Volontaires de Saint-Domingue in the 1779 Siege of Savannah and for an independent America. Ane of the few black regiments to fight for the American side in the Revolutionary War, the soldiers were recruited from present-day Haiti, until 1804 the French colony of Saint-Domingue. Chippewa Foursquare honors the Boxing of Chippawa during the State of war of 1812. It features a large statue of James Oglethorpe, the city's founder. In popular civilisation, the foursquare is the location of the park bench seen in the 1994 film Forrest Gump from which the title grapheme dispenses wisdom to others waiting for a omnibus.[ninety]

Because both Calhoun and Whitefield Squares were named for prominent slaveholders, a movement was begun in 2021 to rename them Sankofa Square and Jubilee Square, respectively.[91]

Historic churches and synagogues [edit]

Cathedral of St. John the Baptist

Savannah has numerous celebrated houses of worship.

Founded in 1733, with the establishment of the Georgia colony, Christ Church building (Episcopal) is the longest continuous Christian congregation in Georgia. Early rectors include the Methodist evangelists John Wesley and George Whitefield. Located on the original site on Johnson Square, Christ Church continues as an active congregation.

The Independent Presbyterian Church, which was founded in 1755, is located near Chippewa Square. The church'due south current sanctuary (its third) dates from the early 1890s.

The Get-go Bryan Baptist Church building is an African American church that was organized by Andrew Bryan in 1788. The site was purchased in 1793 by Bryan, a former slave who had besides purchased his liberty. The starting time structure was erected in that location in 1794. By 1800, the congregation was large enough to split: those at Bryan Street took the name of First African Baptist Church, and Second and Tertiary African Baptist churches were also established.[92] The electric current sanctuary of First Bryan Baptist Church was constructed in 1873.

In 1832, a controversy over doctrine caused the Starting time African Baptist congregation at Bryan Street to split. Some members left, taking with them the name of First African Baptist Church. In 1859, the members of this new congregation (most of whom were slaves) built their current church on Franklin Square.[92]

In 1874, the St. Benedict the Moor Church was founded in Savannah, the first African-American Catholic church in Georgia, and one of the oldest in the Southeast.[93]

The oldest standing house of worship is First Baptist Church building (1833), located on Chippewa Square. Other historic houses of worship in Savannah include: Cathedral of St. John the Baptist (Roman Catholic), Temple Mickve State of israel (the third oldest synagogue in the U.S.),[5] and St. John's Church building (Episcopal).

Historic homes [edit]

Among the historic homes that take been preserved are: the Olde Pink House, the Sorrel–Weed Firm, Juliette Gordon Low's birthplace, the Davenport Firm Museum, the Greenish–Meldrim Business firm, the Owens–Thomas House, the William Scarbrough House, and the Wormsloe plantation of Noble Jones. Mercer Williams Firm, the former home of Jim Williams in Monterey Foursquare, is the primary location of Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil.

Opulent buildings that succumbed to fire include the mansions at Bonaventure Plantation and Greenwich Plantation.

Historic cemeteries [edit]

Colonial Park Cemetery was the city's principal burial basis for much of the eighteenth century, when Georgia was a British colony. Laurel Grove Cemetery, with the graves of many Amalgamated soldiers and African American slaves, was Savannah's primary municipal cemetery during the nineteenth century. Bonaventure Cemetery is a former plantation and the terminal resting place for some illustrious Savannahians. Also located in Savannah are the Mordecai Sheftall Cemetery and the Levi Sheftall Family Cemetery, which both date back to the 2d one-half of the eighteenth century.

Historic forts [edit]

Fort Jackson (named for the Georgia politician James Jackson, non Andrew Jackson) lies on the Savannah River, one mile eastward of Savannah's Historic District. Congenital between 1808 and 1812 to protect the metropolis from attack by sea, information technology was one of several Confederate forts defending Savannah from Wedlock forces during the Ceremonious War. Fort Pulaski National Monument, located on Cockspur Island, 17 miles (27 km) east of Savannah, preserves the largest fort protecting the urban center during the war. The Spousal relationship Army bombarded Fort Pulaski in Apr 1862 with the help of a new rifled cannon. Confederate troops soon surrendered, and the cannon finer rendered all brick fortifications obsolete.

Other registered historic sites [edit]

  • Savannah Celebrated District (buildings) and the Savannah Victorian Celebrated District
  • Forsyth Park
  • Juliette Gordon Low Historic District
  • Central of Georgia Railroad: Savannah Shops and Terminal Facilities and Central of Georgia Depot and Trainshed – a 33.ii-acre (134,000 one thousandii) historic district that was listed on the National Register of Celebrated Places in 1978.[94] [95]
  • John P. Rousakis Riverfront Plaza and Factors Walk – River Street'due south pedestrian promenade, restored nineteenth-century cotton wool warehouses and passageways include shops, confined and restaurants.
  • Urban center Market – Savannah's restored key market and pop nightlife destination features antiques, souvenirs, small eateries, besides every bit two large outdoor plazas.[96]
  • Savannah State University campus and Walter Bernard Colina Hall – The Georgia Historical Commission and the Georgia Department of Natural Resources have recognized both the Savannah State campus and Hill Hall as a part of the Georgia Historical Marker Plan.[97] Hill Hall, which was built in 1901, was added to the National Register of Celebrated Places in 1981.[98]
  • Telfair Museum of Art and Telfair University of Arts of Sciences – the Southward'southward offset public art museum.
  • Wormsloe Plantation – the partially restored house and grounds of an 18th-century Georgia plantation.

Shopping [edit]

Various centers for shopping exist nearly the metropolis including Abercorn Common, Savannah Celebrated Commune, Oglethorpe Mall, Savannah Mall and Abercorn Walk.

Other attractions [edit]

  • American Prohibition Museum – Located in Savannah's Urban center Market, this unique museum displays the history of prohibition in America from 1907 to 1933. It also traces the roots of NASCAR, which developed from the era'southward bootlegging operations.
  • Clary's Cafe – featured in both the 1994 book and 1997 film Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil.
  • Gild 1 – former habitation of The Lady Chablis and also featured in Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil.[99]
  • Coastal Georgia Botanical Gardens – a developing botanical garden located at Bamboo Farm, a one-time USDA plant-introduction station due south of Savannah that began operations in 1919.
  • Crystal Beer Parlor, the city'south oldest restaurant.[100]
  • Oatland Island Wild animals Middle – located due east of Savannah, a facility owned and operated by the Savannah-Chatham County Lath of Education and featuring wildlife from surrounding littoral Georgia and S Carolina.
  • Leopold's Ice Foam, a pop water ice foam parlor.
  • Ossabaw Island – an environmentally protected and commercially undeveloped bulwark island south of Savannah.
  • Pinkie Masters Bar – a popular Savannah watering pigsty and the site of presidential visits and political campaigns. Pinkie Masters was a local political figure and a friend of President Jimmy Carter, who made several visits to the bar and the city.
  • Pirates' House – historic eatery and tavern located in downtown Savannah.
  • Ralph Mark Gilbert Civil Rights Museum – a museum dedicated to African-American history in Savannah.
  • Skidaway Isle – an affluent suburban community southward of Savannah that hosts Skidaway Isle State Park, the Academy of Georgia Aquarium and the Skidaway Institute of Oceanography.
  • Tybee Island – popular Atlantic resort town 17 mi (27 km) east of Savannah, with public beaches, a lighthouse, and other attractions.
  • Waving Girl statue, honoring Florence Martus.

Sports and recreation [edit]

Portions of the Due east Declension Greenway, a 3,000-mile-long arrangement of trails from Maine to Florida, run through Savannah.

Professional person sport teams [edit]

Social club Sport League Venue Championships Notes
Savannah Ghost Pirates[101] Ice hockey East Declension Hockey League Enmarket Arena 0 2022–present
Savannah Braves Baseball Southern League Grayson Stadium 0 1971–1983
Savannah Cardinals Baseball South Atlantic League Grayson Stadium 2 (1993, 1994) 1984–1995
Savannah Sand Gnats Baseball game South Atlantic League Grayson Stadium 2 (1996, 2013) 1996–2015
Savannah Bananas Baseball Coastal Plain League Grayson Stadium 2 (2016, 2021) 2016–present
Savannah Spirits Basketball game Continental Basketball game Association Savannah Civic Centre 0 1986–1988
Savannah Wildcats Basketball game Continental Basketball game League Georgia Southern University-Armstrong Campus i (2010) 2010–nowadays
C-Port Trojans Basketball E Declension Basketball League Savannah High School 2014–nowadays
Savannah Steam American football American Indoor Football Tiger Arena 2015–present

College teams [edit]

Social club Affiliation Conference Venues Notes
Savannah College of Fine art and Blueprint Bees NAIA Florida Sun Conference SCAD Athletic Complex, Ronald C. Waranch Equestrian Centre
Savannah Land Tigers NCAA Partition Two Southern Intercollegiate Able-bodied Briefing Tiger Arena, Ted Wright Stadium

Educational activity [edit]

Educatee centre of SCAD, Savannah campus (the building was formerly a synagogue.)

Savannah hosts four colleges and universities offering bachelor'south, master's, and professional or doctoral caste programs: Georgia Southern Academy-Armstrong Campus, Savannah College of Fine art and Design (SCAD), Savannah Land Academy, and South University. In addition, Georgia Tech Savannah offers certificate programs, and Georgia Southern University has a satellite campus in the downtown area. Savannah Technical College, a ii-year technical establishment and the Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, a marine scientific discipline research establish of the Academy of Georgia located on the northern terminate of Skidaway Island, offering educational programs also. Savannah is also the location of Ralston Higher, a liberal arts college founded in 2010.[102]

Mercer University began a four-yr doctor of medicine program in August 2008 at Memorial University Medical Center. Mercer, with its master campus in Macon, received additional state funding in 2007 to aggrandize its existing partnership with Memorial by establishing a four-year medical schoolhouse in Savannah (the first in southern Georgia). Third- and fourth-year Mercer students have completed ii-year clinical rotations at Memorial since 1996; approximately 100 residents are trained each twelvemonth in a number of medical practices. The expanded program opened in August 2008 with thirty first-year students.

In 2012, Savannah Law School opened in the historic Candler building on Forsyth Park. The school is fully ABA-accredited and offers full-time as well every bit part-time programs leading to the juris md degree.[103] In early 2018, however, the administration announced that the school would close at the end of the spring semester.[104]

Savannah is also home to about of the schools in the Chatham County schoolhouse district, the Savannah-Chatham Canton Public Schools.

Notable secondary schools in Savannah-Chatham County include the following. (Public schools are indicated with an asterisk.)

  • Beach High School*
  • Benedictine War machine School
  • Calvary Day School
  • Groves Loftier School*
  • Islands Loftier School*
  • Jenkins Loftier School*
  • Johnson High School*
  • New Hampstead High School*
  • Saint Andrew's School
  • St. Vincent'due south Academy
  • Savannah Arts Academy*
  • Savannah Christian Preparatory Schoolhouse
  • Savannah Country Day School
  • Savannah High School*
  • Windsor Woods High School*

Oatland Isle Wildlife Centre of Savannah [c] is also a function of Savannah-Chatham County Public Schools. An environmental educational activity center, it serves thousands of students from schools throughout the Southeastern Us. Located due east of Savannah on a marsh island, it features a ii-mile (iii.2 km) Native Animal Nature Trail that winds through maritime forest, salt marsh, and freshwater wetlands. Forth the trail, visitors can find native animals, such as Florida panthers, Eastern timber wolves, and alligators in their natural habitat.

Media [edit]

Savannah's major television stations are WSAV-TV, channel 3 (NBC); WTOC-TV, channel 11 (CBS); WJCL, channel 22 (ABC); and WTGS, channel 28 (Fox). Two PBS member stations serve the city: WVAN (channel nine), function of Georgia Public Broadcasting; and WJWJ-TV (aqueduct sixteen), part of SCETV.

Other stations include aqueduct 3.two (The CW).

The Georgia Gazette was the Georgia colony'due south first newspaper and was published in Savannah kickoff Apr vii, 1763.[105] Today the Savannah Morning News is Savannah's only remaining daily paper. It first appeared on Jan 15, 1850 as the Daily Morning News. Both the Savannah Tribune and the Savannah Herald are weekly newspapers with a focus on the city's African-American community. Connect Savannah is a free weekly newspaper focused on local news, civilization and music.[106] [107] The Littoral Buzz is the metro area's only media company dedicated to "positive news." It is owned by Positive Life Media.

Infrastructure [edit]

Transportation [edit]

Erstwhile Savannah cobblestone, Celebrated District

Savannah/Hilton Head International Airdrome is located off Interstate 95 due west of Savannah. The airlines serving this airport year-circular are Allegiant Air, American Airlines, American Hawkeye, Delta, Delta Connexion, JetBlue, Silver Airways, Southwest Airlines and United Express. Air Canada Express, Frontier Airlines, Sunday County Airlines and United Airlines offer seasonal services only.[108]

Amtrak operates a rider terminal at Savannah for its Palmetto and Silver Service trains, which run between New York City and Miami. (Iii southbound and three northbound trains make daily stops at the Savannah last).

Public transit throughout the region is bodacious by Chatham Area Transit (CAT). There are 17 stock-still routes, plus the CAT'south dot (downtown transportation)[109] organization, which provides fare-free motorcoach service on the Forsyth Loop and Downtown Loop, too equally free passage to and from Hutchinson Island via the Savannah Belles Ferry.[110]

Interstates and major highways [edit]

  • I-95 Interstate 95 — Runs due north–s just west of the city; provides access to Savannah/Hilton Head International Airport and intersects with Interstate xvi, which leads into the city's center.
  • I-16 Interstate 16 — Terminates in downtown Savannah at Liberty and Montgomery streets, and intersects with Interstate 95 and Interstate 516.
  • I-516 Interstate 516 — An urban perimeter highway connecting southside Savannah, at DeRenne Avenue, with the industrialized port area of the city to the due north; intersects with the Veterans Parkway and Interstate sixteen as well. Likewise known every bit Lynes Parkway.
  • U.S. Route 80 U.S. Road 80 (Victory Drive) — Runs e–westward through midtown Savannah and connects the urban center with the town of Thunderbolt and the islands of Whitemarsh, Talahi, Wilmington and Tybee. Merges with the Islands Throughway and serves as the but ways of reaching the Atlantic Ocean by automobile.
  • U.S. Route 17 U.S. Route 17 (Bounding main Highway) — Runs north–south from Richmond Hill, through southside Savannah, into Garden City, back into west Savannah with a spur onto I-516, so I-xvi, and finally standing over the Talmadge Memorial Bridge into South Carolina.
  • State Route 204 (Georgia) State Route 204 (Abercorn Expressway) — An extension of Abercorn Street that begins at 37th Street in midtown (which is its northern point) and terminates at Rio Road and the Forest River at its southern signal, and serves as the primary traffic and commercial artery linking downtown, midtown and southside sections of the city.
  • Harry Southward. Truman Parkway — Runs through eastside Savannah, connecting the east end of downtown with southside neighborhoods. Construction began in 1990 and opened in phases (the last phase, connecting with Abercorn Street, was completed in 2014).
  • Veterans Parkway — Links Interstate 516 and southside/midtown Savannah with southside Savannah, and is intended to movement traffic quicker from due north–south by avoiding high-volume Abercorn Street. Also known as the Southwest Featherbed.
  • Islands Throughway — An extension of President Street to facilitate traffic moving betwixt downtown Savannah, the barrier islands and the beaches of Tybee Isle.

Crime [edit]

A map showing the 2009 precincts of Savannah-Chatham Metropolitan Police Department.

Map showing precincts of Savannah-Chatham Metropolitan Police force Section

The full number of fierce crimes in the Savannah-Chatham County reporting expanse ran just to a higher place 1,000 per year from 2003 through 2006. In 2007, nevertheless, the total number of violent crimes jumped to i,163. Savannah-Chatham has recorded betwixt 20 and 25 homicides each year since 2005.

In 2007, Savannah-Chatham recorded a sharp increase in home burglaries but a abrupt subtract in larcenies from parked automobiles. During the aforementioned year, statistics testify a 29 percent increment in arrests for Part i crimes.[111]

An boosted increment in burglaries occurred in 2008 with ii,429 residential burglaries reported to Savannah-Chatham police that yr. That reflects an increase of 668 incidents from 2007. In 2007, at that place were 1,761 burglaries, co-ordinate to metro police data.[112]

Savannah-Chatham police report that crimes reported in 2009 came in down six percent from 2008.

In 2009, xi,782 crimes were reported to metro police — 753 fewer than in 2008. Within that 2009 number is a 12.2 pct decrease in trigger-happy crimes when compared with 2008. Property crimes saw a five.iii per centum decline, which included a five.2 percent reduction in residential burglary. In 2008, residential burglary was upward past almost 40 percent. While some tearing crimes increased in 2009, crimes like street robbery went down significantly. In 2009, 30 homicides were reported, four more than than the year before. Also, 46 rapes were reported, nine more than the yr before. In the meantime, street robbery decreased by 23 percent. In 2008, metro police accomplished a 90 percent clearance charge per unit for homicide cases, which was described every bit exceptional by violent crimes unit of measurement supervisors. In 2009, the department had a clearance charge per unit of 53 percent, which police force attributed to outstanding warrants and grand jury presentations.[113]

The SCMPD provide the public with upwardly to engagement crime report information through an online mapping service. This information can be constitute here.[114]

2015 saw a dramatic increase in the number of vehement crimes, including at to the lowest degree 54 deaths due to gun violence, a number not seen since the early 1990s.[115]

The first quarter of 2018 saw criminal offence trending downward, compared to 2017.[116]

Sister cities [edit]

Savannah's sister cities are:[117]

  • Batumi, Georgia
  • Halle, Germany
  • Jiujiang, Cathay
  • Kaya, Burkina Faso
  • Patras, Greece

Unincorporated suburbs of Savannah [edit]

Savannah's unincorporated suburbs within Chatham County include several located on urbanized barrier islands east of the urban center.

  • Dutch Island
  • Georgetown
  • Henderson
  • Isle of Hope
  • Montgomery
  • Skidaway Isle
  • Talahi Island
  • Whitemarsh Island
  • Wilmington Isle

Notable people [edit]

Meet also [edit]

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.due east. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any bespeak during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
  2. ^ Official records for Savannah were kept at downtown from January 1871 to April 1945, Hunter Field from May 1945 to September 1950, and at Savannah/Hilton Head Int'l since Oct 1950. For more information, see ThreadEx.
  3. ^ Oatland Island Wild fauna Center of Savannah was named the Oatland Island Education Center until a proper name change in 2007.

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Further reading [edit]

  • Coffey, Thomas F., Jr. (1994). Merely in Savannah: Stories and Insights on Georgia'due south Female parent City. Savannah: Frederic C. Beil. ISBN 0-913720-84-iv.
  • Coffey, Thomas F., Jr. (1997). Savannah Lore and More. Savannah: Frederic C. Beil. ISBN0-913720-92-5. OCLC 37238907.
  • Dick, Susan (2001). Savannah, Georgia. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub. ISBN0-7385-0688-5. LCCN 2001087664. OCLC 47253807.
  • Elmore, Charles (2002). Savannah, Georgia. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Pub. ISBN0-7385-1408-X. LCCN 2001095826. OCLC 54852532.
  • Felton, Ariel (November 26, 2020). "For Black tour guides in Savannah, the historical is personal". Washington Post.
  • Russell, Preston, and Barbara Hines (1992). Savannah: A History of Her People Since 1733. Savannah: Frederic C. Beil. ISBN0-913720-80-1. OCLC 613303710.
  • Smith, Derek (1997). Civil War Savannah. Savannah: Frederic C. Beil. ISBN0-913720-93-three. OCLC 37221004.

External links [edit]

  • Official website
  • www.visitsavannah.com — Official Site of the Savannah Convention & Visitors Agency
  • world wide web.seda.org — Savannah Economic Development Potency
  • Savannah Historic Newspapers Archive — Digital Library of Georgia
  • Virtual Celebrated Savannah Project
  • "Savannah". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.
  • "Savannah". The American Cyclopædia. 1879.
  • Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library, Emory University: Savannah (Ga.). District and Port records, 1861

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savannah,_Georgia

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